parent
2b77ab5f8f
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# 项目大致说明
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- 微服务通信 - (RestTemplate/Ribbon/Feign/OpenFeign)
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- [dev-protocol-springcloud-communication](dev-protocol-springcloud-communication)
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- 微服务网关 - (Gateway)
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- [dev-protocol-springcloud-gateway](dev-protocol-springcloud-gateway)
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- 分布式链路、日志追踪 - (Sleuth + Zipkin)
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- todo
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- 微服务容错 - (SpringCloud Netflix Hystrix)
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- todo
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- 消息驱动微服务 - (SpringCloud Stream)
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- todo
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- 分布式事务 - (SpringCloud Alibaba Seata)
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- todo
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- 网关动态限流 - (SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel)
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- todo
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- 微服务工程部署与整体可用性验证
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- todo
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
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<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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<parent>
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<groupId>org.example</groupId>
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<artifactId>dev-protocol</artifactId>
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<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
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<relativePath>../../pom.xml</relativePath>
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</parent>
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<artifactId>dev-protocol-springcloud-communication</artifactId>
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<properties>
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<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
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<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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<jjwt.version>0.9.1</jjwt.version>
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</properties>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
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<artifactId>feign-micrometer</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
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<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
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<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
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<version>1.2.51</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
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<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
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<version>${jjwt.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</project>
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package org.example;
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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
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import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
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import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
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import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
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import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
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@SpringBootApplication
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@EnableDiscoveryClient // fixme 可以不使用服务发现的方式进行配置, 直接使用 http 的方式进行配置也可
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@EnableFeignClients // 用于扫描包中使用了 @FeignClient 注解的类
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@RefreshScope // 刷新配置
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public class OpenFeignDemoApplication {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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SpringApplication.run(OpenFeignDemoApplication.class, args);
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}
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}
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package org.example.common.constant;
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/**
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* <h1>通用模块常量定义</h1>
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* */
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public final class CommonConstant {
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/** RSA 公钥 */
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public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnV+iGlE1e8Z825G+ChIwRJ2H2jOMCBu" +
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"HV7BPrUE8dAGjqAlRtCaxMyJw7NV9NIUl/rY7RWBUQwelkGmGuQomnUAFIgN9f8UxSC6G935lo1ZoBVJWYmfs5ToXLz+fQugmqHZvF+Vc5l" +
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"UEo1YapeiaymkOxDORMGjzQBoxoBt316IAwNEPIvcV+F6T+WNFJX/p5Xj48Z1rtmbOQ8ffF+pEWKZGsYg/9b+pKiqFJtuyHqwj/9oxFBE98" +
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"MCu5RfK6M7Ff9/1dyNen1HKjI7Awj8ZnSceVUldcXEdnP89YagevbhtSl/+CvCsKwHq5+ZLkcuONSxE4dIFWTjxA92wJjYf9wIDAQAB";
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/** JWT 中存储用户信息的 key */
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public static final String JWT_USER_INFO_KEY = "e-commerce-user";
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/** 授权中心的 service-id */
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public static final String AUTHORITY_CENTER_SERVICE_ID = "e-commerce-authority-center";
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}
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package org.example.common;
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package org.example.common.util;
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import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
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import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
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import io.jsonwebtoken.Jws;
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import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
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import org.example.common.constant.CommonConstant;
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import org.example.common.vo.LoginUserInfo;
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import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
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import java.security.KeyFactory;
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import java.security.PublicKey;
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import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
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import java.util.Calendar;
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/**
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* <h1>JWT Token 解析工具类</h1>
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* */
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public class TokenParseUtil {
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/**
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* <h2>从 JWT Token 中解析 LoginUserInfo 对象</h2>
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* */
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public static LoginUserInfo parseUserInfoFromToken(String token) throws Exception {
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if (null == token) {
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return null;
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}
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Jws<Claims> claimsJws = parseToken(token, getPublicKey());
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Claims body = claimsJws.getBody();
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// 如果 Token 已经过期了, 返回 null
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if (body.getExpiration().before(Calendar.getInstance().getTime())) {
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return null;
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}
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// 返回 Token 中保存的用户信息
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return JSON.parseObject(
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body.get(CommonConstant.JWT_USER_INFO_KEY).toString(),
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LoginUserInfo.class
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);
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}
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/**
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* <h2>通过公钥去解析 JWT Token</h2>
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* */
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private static Jws<Claims> parseToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey) {
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return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(publicKey).parseClaimsJws(token);
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}
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/**
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* <h2>根据本地存储的公钥获取到 PublicKey 对象</h2>
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* */
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private static PublicKey getPublicKey() throws Exception {
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X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(
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new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(CommonConstant.PUBLIC_KEY)
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);
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return KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(keySpec);
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}
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}
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package org.example.common.vo;
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import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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import java.io.Serializable;
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/**
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* <h1>通用响应对象定义</h1>
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* {
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* "code": 0,
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* "message": "",
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* "data": {}
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* }
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* */
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@AllArgsConstructor
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public class CommonResponse<T> implements Serializable {
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/** 错误码 */
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private Integer code;
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/** 错误消息 */
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private String message;
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/** 泛型响应数据 */
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private T Data;
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public CommonResponse(Integer code, String message) {
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this.code = code;
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this.message = message;
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}
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}
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package org.example.common.vo;
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import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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/**
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* <h1>授权中心鉴权之后给客户端的 Token</h1>
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* */
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@AllArgsConstructor
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public class JwtToken {
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/** JWT */
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private String token;
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}
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package org.example.common.vo;
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import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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/**
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* <h1>登录用户信息</h1>
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* */
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@AllArgsConstructor
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public class LoginUserInfo {
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/** 用户 id */
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private Long id;
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/** 用户名 */
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private String username;
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}
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package org.example.common.vo;
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import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
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import lombok.Data;
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import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
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/**
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* <h1>用户名和密码</h1>
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* */
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@Data
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@NoArgsConstructor
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@AllArgsConstructor
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public class UsernameAndPassword {
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/** 用户名 */
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private String username;
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/** 密码 */
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private String password;
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}
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package org.example.controller;
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import org.example.common.vo.JwtToken;
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import org.example.common.vo.UsernameAndPassword;
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import org.example.service.UseRestTemplateService;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
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/**
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* <h1>微服务通信 Controller</h1>
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* */
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@RestController
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@RequestMapping("/communication")
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public class CommunicationController {
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private final UseRestTemplateService restTemplateService;
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// private final UseRibbonService ribbonService;
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// private final AuthorityFeignClient feignClient;
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// private final UseFeignApi useFeignApi;
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public CommunicationController(UseRestTemplateService restTemplateService
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// UseRibbonService ribbonService,
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// AuthorityFeignClient feignClient,
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// UseFeignApi useFeignApi
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) {
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this.restTemplateService = restTemplateService;
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// this.ribbonService = ribbonService;
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// this.feignClient = feignClient;
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// this.useFeignApi = useFeignApi;
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}
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@PostMapping("/rest-template")
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public JwtToken getTokenFromAuthorityService(
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@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return restTemplateService.getTokenFromAuthorityService(usernameAndPassword);
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}
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@PostMapping("/rest-template-load-balancer")
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public JwtToken getTokenFromAuthorityServiceWithLoadBalancer(
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@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return restTemplateService.getTokenFromAuthorityServiceWithLoadBalancer(
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usernameAndPassword);
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}
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/* @PostMapping("/ribbon")
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public JwtToken getTokenFromAuthorityServiceByRibbon(
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@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return ribbonService.getTokenFromAuthorityServiceByRibbon(usernameAndPassword);
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}
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@PostMapping("/thinking-in-ribbon")
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public JwtToken thinkingInRibbon(@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return ribbonService.thinkingInRibbon(usernameAndPassword);
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}
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@PostMapping("/token-by-feign")
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public JwtToken getTokenByFeign(@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return feignClient.getTokenByFeign(usernameAndPassword);
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}
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@PostMapping("/thinking-in-feign")
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public JwtToken thinkingInFeign(@RequestBody UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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return useFeignApi.thinkingInFeign(usernameAndPassword);
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}*/
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}
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package org.example.feign;
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import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
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/**
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* 基于注解的方式进行实现
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*/
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@Component
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@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider", configuration = MyFeignConfiguration.class) // name 对应的是服务注册中心的服务名称
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public interface EchoService {
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@GetMapping(value = "/echo/{string}")
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String echo(@PathVariable String string);
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}
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package org.example.feign;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
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/**
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* 不基于注解的方式进行装配需要的接口类
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*/
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public interface EchoServiceManually {
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@GetMapping(value = "/echo/{string}")
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public String echo(@PathVariable String string);
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}
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package org.example.feign;
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import feign.Client;
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import feign.Contract;
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import feign.Feign;
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import feign.codec.Decoder;
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import feign.codec.Encoder;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientsConfiguration;
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
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@Import(FeignClientsConfiguration.class)
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public class FeignClientsConfig {
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@Autowired
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private Client client;
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@Autowired
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private Encoder encoder;
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@Autowired
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private Decoder decoder;
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@Autowired
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private Contract contract;
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public EchoServiceManually buidService(){
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EchoServiceManually serviceManually = Feign.builder()
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.client(client)
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.encoder(encoder)
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.decoder(decoder)
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.contract(contract)
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// url : ip+port 不可以, 使用服务名称
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// .target(EchoServiceManually.class, "http://192.168.10.227:8081");
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.target(EchoServiceManually.class, "http://nacos-provider");
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return serviceManually;
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}
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}
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package org.example.feign;
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public class MyFeignConfiguration {
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}
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package org.example.service;
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import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
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import org.example.common.constant.CommonConstant;
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import org.example.common.vo.JwtToken;
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import org.example.common.vo.UsernameAndPassword;
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import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
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import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
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import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
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/**
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* <h1>使用 RestTemplate 实现微服务通信</h1>
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* */
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@Slf4j
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@Service
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public class UseRestTemplateService {
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private final LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
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public UseRestTemplateService(LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient) {
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this.loadBalancerClient = loadBalancerClient;
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}
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/**
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* <h2>从授权服务中获取 JwtToken</h2>
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* */
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public JwtToken getTokenFromAuthorityService(UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword) {
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// 第一种方式: 写死 url
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String requestUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:7000/ecommerce-authority-center" +
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"/authority/token";
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log.info("RestTemplate request url and body: [{}], [{}]",
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requestUrl, JSON.toJSONString(usernameAndPassword));
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HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
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headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
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return new RestTemplate().postForObject(
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requestUrl,
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new HttpEntity<>(JSON.toJSONString(usernameAndPassword), headers),
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JwtToken.class
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);
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}
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|
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/**
|
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* <h2>从授权服务中获取 JwtToken, 且带有负载均衡</h2>
|
||||
* */
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public JwtToken getTokenFromAuthorityServiceWithLoadBalancer(
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UsernameAndPassword usernameAndPassword
|
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) {
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|
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// 第二种方式: 通过注册中心拿到服务的信息(是所有的实例), 再去发起调用
|
||||
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose(
|
||||
CommonConstant.AUTHORITY_CENTER_SERVICE_ID
|
||||
);
|
||||
log.info("Nacos Client Info: [{}], [{}], [{}]",
|
||||
serviceInstance.getServiceId(), serviceInstance.getInstanceId(),
|
||||
JSON.toJSONString(serviceInstance.getMetadata()));
|
||||
|
||||
String requestUrl = String.format(
|
||||
"http://%s:%s/ecommerce-authority-center/authority/token",
|
||||
serviceInstance.getHost(),
|
||||
serviceInstance.getPort()
|
||||
);
|
||||
log.info("login request url and body: [{}], [{}]", requestUrl,
|
||||
JSON.toJSONString(usernameAndPassword));
|
||||
|
||||
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
|
||||
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
|
||||
return new RestTemplate().postForObject(
|
||||
requestUrl,
|
||||
new HttpEntity<>(JSON.toJSONString(usernameAndPassword), headers),
|
||||
JwtToken.class
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
### 获取 Token
|
||||
POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ecommerce-nacos-client/communication/rest-template
|
||||
Content-Type: application/json
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"username": "123@126.com",
|
||||
"password": "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取 Token, 带有负载均衡
|
||||
POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ecommerce-nacos-client/communication/rest-template-load-balancer
|
||||
Content-Type: application/json
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"username": "123@126.com",
|
||||
"password": "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
### 通过 OpenFeign 获取 Token
|
||||
POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ecommerce-nacos-client/communication/token-by-feign
|
||||
Content-Type: application/json
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"username": "123@126.com",
|
||||
"password": "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 通过原生 Feign Api 获取 Token
|
||||
POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ecommerce-nacos-client/communication/thinking-in-feign
|
||||
Content-Type: application/json
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"username": "123@126.com",
|
||||
"password": "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad"
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
package org.example;
|
||||
|
||||
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
|
||||
import org.example.feign.EchoService;
|
||||
import org.junit.Test;
|
||||
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
|
||||
|
||||
import javax.annotation.Resource;
|
||||
|
||||
@Slf4j
|
||||
@SpringBootTest
|
||||
class EchoServiceManuallyTest {
|
||||
|
||||
@Resource
|
||||
private EchoService echoService;
|
||||
|
||||
@Test
|
||||
public void testOpenFeignInit(){
|
||||
log.info("echoService = {}", echoService);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
package org.example;
|
||||
|
||||
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
|
||||
import org.example.feign.EchoServiceManually;
|
||||
import org.example.feign.FeignClientsConfig;
|
||||
import org.junit.Test;
|
||||
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
|
||||
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
|
||||
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
|
||||
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
|
||||
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
|
||||
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
|
||||
|
||||
@Slf4j
|
||||
@SpringBootTest
|
||||
class FeignClientsConfigTest implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {
|
||||
private EchoServiceManually echoServiceManually;
|
||||
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 1
|
||||
* @param applicationContext the ApplicationContext object to be used by this object
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
|
||||
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 2
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
|
||||
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
|
||||
context.setParent(applicationContext);
|
||||
// 注册类
|
||||
context.register(FeignClientsConfig.class);
|
||||
context.refresh();
|
||||
// 获取 EchoServiceManually
|
||||
FeignClientsConfig bean = context.getBean(FeignClientsConfig.class);
|
||||
this.echoServiceManually = bean.buidService();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Test
|
||||
public void testEchoService(){
|
||||
String echo = this.echoServiceManually.echo("TestAppManually");
|
||||
log.info("result = {}", echo);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
|
||||
# 微服务通信方案
|
||||
|
||||
## 1. 微服务通信方案解读
|
||||
|
||||
- 早期-第一种方案: 微服务通信方案: RPC
|
||||
- RPC 实现微服务通信的核心思想
|
||||
- 全局注册表: 将 RPC 支持的所有方法都注册进去
|
||||
- 通过将 java 对象进行编码(IDL, json, xml 等) + 方法名传递(TCP/IP 协议)到目标服务器实现微服务通信
|
||||
---
|
||||
- RPC 的优缺点
|
||||
- 目前市面上最流行的 RPC 框架有:gRPC、Thrift、Dubbo, 有较多的选择性
|
||||
- 速度快、并发性能高 - (使用TCP作为传输协议)
|
||||
- 实现复杂(相对 Rest 而言), 需要做的工作与维护上更多(例如:Server 的地址一般存储于 Zookeeper 上, 就需要引入和维护 ZK)
|
||||
- Tip: 优缺点是相对的, 不需要拘泥于理论
|
||||
---
|
||||
- 第二种方案: 微服务通信方案: HTTP(Rest)
|
||||
- 标准化的 HTTP 协议(GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 等), 前主流的微服务框架通信实现都是 HTTP
|
||||
- 简单、标准，需要做的工作和维护工作少;几乎不需要做额外的工作即可与其他的微服务集成
|
||||
---
|
||||
- 第三种方案: 微服务通信方案: Message
|
||||
- 通过 Kafka、RocketMQ 等消息队列实现消息的发布与订阅(消费)
|
||||
- 可以实现"削峰填谷"，缓冲机制实现数据、任务处理
|
||||
- 最大的缺点是只能够做到最终一致性，而不能做到实时一致性;当然，这也是看业务需求
|
||||
---
|
||||
- 微服务通信该做何选择
|
||||
- 结合微服务框架与业务的需要做出选择
|
||||
- SpringCloud 建议的通信方案是 OpenFeign(Rest)
|
||||
- 需要最终一致性且不要求快速响应的业务场景可以选择使用 Message(异步处理对系统性能有很大的提升)
|
||||
- 问题来了: SpringCloud 可不可以使用 RPC 呢?(但是，要有足够强的理由说明你为什么要使用 RPC)
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 2. 使用 RestTemplate 实现微服务通信
|
||||
|
||||
- 使用 RestTemplate 的两种方式(思想)
|
||||
- 在代码(或配置文件中)写死IP 和 端口号(需要知道，这并不是不可行!)
|
||||
- 通过注册中心(推荐Nacos)获取服务地址，可以实现负载均衡的效果
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## OpenFeign 核心源码解析
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## OpenFeign 应用技巧
|
||||
|
||||
- 认识 FeignClientsConfiguration
|
||||
- 修改 Feign 的默认配置
|
||||
- 自定义 @FeignClient configuration
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## OpenFeign 二次改造
|
||||
|
||||
- 认识 MicrometerCapability
|
||||
- 基于 Capability 的扩展机制
|
||||
|
||||
## OpenFeign 造轮子
|
||||
|
||||
- 手动创建 FeignClient
|
||||
|
||||
## OpenFeign 面试题深度解析
|
||||
|
||||
- Feign 和 OpenFeign 的区别
|
||||
|
||||
- OpenFeign 的运行原理
|
||||
|
||||
- FeignClient 配置方式
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue